Medical History

Environmental Factors, Dietary Factors, Drug Use

Image from NIA, NIHImage from NIA, NIHMedical history may also affect risk for PD. A physically active lifestyle is associated with reduced risk for PD (Chen et al., 2005). A lower incidence of cancer has been proposed to correlate with a higher risk of PD, though further confirmation of this association is needed (Olsen et al., 2005; Inselberg et al., 2007; Driver et al., 2007). As cancer can have both environmental and genetic causes, this potential correlation provides and interesting link between the two diseases. Head trauma has been also linked with development of PD (Goldman et al., 2006).

 

Reference: 
Chen H, Zhang SM, Schwarzschild MA, Hernán MA, Ascherio A. Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2005;64(4):664-9.
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Olsen JH, Friis S, Frederiksen K, McLaughlin JK, Mellemkjaer L, Møller H. Atypical cancer pattern in patients with Parkinson's disease. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(1):201-5.
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Inzelberg R, Jankovic J. Are Parkinson disease patients protected from some but not all cancers? Neurology. 2007;69(15):1542-50.
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Driver JA, Kurth T, Buring JE, Gaziano MJ, Logroscino G. Prospective case-control study of nonfatal cancer preceding the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(7):705-11.
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Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Oakes D, Bhudhikanok GS, Gupta A, Langston WJ. Head injury and Parkinson's disease risk in twins. Ann Neurol. 2006;60(1):65-72.
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